The And Metaphysical Idea Of Human Rights - 927 Words

Now that we have somewhat familiarized ourselves as to the foreign concept of what human rights can be described as, let us attempt to conceptually define this impalpable and metaphysical idea of human rights. 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The Dead Poets Society Honor, Discipline, And Excellence

Tradition, Honor, Discipline, and Excellence. Those are the four pillars in the film The Dead Poets Society, which takes place at Welton Academy, a prep school located in Vermont, 1959. The Headmaster of the school is Mr. Nolan, who is very strict and traditional leader. The film focuses around a group of boys that attend Welton, who later reinstate the Dead Poets Society (DPS). The boys are Neil Perry, Todd Anderson, Charlie Dalton, Richard Cameron, Pitts, Meeks, and Knox Overstreet. Two of the lead boys are Neil Perry and Todd Anderson. Another main character is Mr. Keating, who is the new poetry teacher at Welton Academy. He encourages his students to become their own individuals and seize the day. Mr. Keating is an alumni of Welton. When the boys find his old yearbook, they discover that he was in the Dead Poets Society, which leads them to confront him on what it is. 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Overall Consideration For Entire Life Of Well Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1906 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The report gives the development scheme of the well for the recompletion process. The various possible combination are analysed based on the given recoverable volume and the cost of the crude per barrels. The well production capacity (well development option), oil processing facility, and the transportation are considered. Out of all the possibilities, a single possibility is selected which could be effective in cost, safety, and production rate. These possibilities is made for Alba offshore field, which is discovered by ECRGU Oil Company Introduction There are many oil field development options in offshore field. In this case for the alba offshore field the consideration is made for well development, oil processing and transportation The oil development is mainly to minimize the cost but not to selecting the selecting the cheapest in all possible ways. The selection should be economical, with effective selection based on the requirement. The selection is made based on two analyses Technical wise analysis (selection) Probability wise analysis (selection) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Overall Consideration For Entire Life Of Well Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Technical wise selection Technical wise selection includes the consideration of the requirement in a cost effective. In this case, we consider the cost based on life of well production rate environmental conditions mode payment There are consideration in all cases of well development, oil processing, and transportation. The known recoverable volume for the life of the well is about 36 MMBBL. 3.1 Development scheme The selection of the producing capacity is made in two different cases with either four small or with three large capacity wells. 3.1.1 Capacity case In the capacity wise analysis there are two option are available they are a) 4 small capacity and b) 3 large capacity. The selection is made based on the pumping capacity for a definite duration of time. After the pumping test, the selection is made, based on the a)production rate, b) cost, and c) the life of the well. 3.1.2 Production rate wise analysis In case of production wise analysis, large capacity wells are more effective as they can produce higher volumes of hydrocarbons in a short period of time when compared to that of the smaller capacity wells. The investment can be regained in a shorter interval of time for the larger capacity wells. 3.1.3 Cost wise analysis In cost wise, larger capacity, wells are costlier than that of the smaller capacity wells. The smaller capacity wells are preferred when the investment is less for the usage of larger capacity wells. For the Alba field the duration of production for the different capacities are as tabulated. Wells Duration for 36 mmbbl to be produced Small capacity 9 years Large capacity 6 years 3.2 Oil Processing In the oil processing case there are two possible options are available, they are selection of fixed flat form and floating vessel 3.2.1 Condition wise Condition wise includes selection based on the depth and other environmental factors. Depth is the primary factor for the selection of the options. Environmental factors include wind, snow, and hurricanes. 3.2.1.1 Permanent case (fixed) Permanent case case is the platform is fixed; here investment required is until the fixed platform is completed. This requires high initial cost. 3.2.1.2 Temporary case (floating vessel) Floating vessel is towed to different during worst weather condition. For the production vessel the production takes place eventually, the selection of floating vessel will be beneficial. As the rental, cost is only for particular period (in year, in this case). 3.2.2 Cost wise 3.2.2.1 Annual consideration (per year) The annual wise consideration will be higher for the fixed platform than that of the floating vessel 3.2.2.2 Overall consideration (for entire life of well) In this case, the overall cost of the floating vessel may be costlier than that of the fixed vessel. 3.3 Oil transportation There are two possible ways for oil transportation Shuttle tanker pipeline The oil transportation selection is done base in 3 main cases 3.3.1 Life of the well and production rate Life of the well is more dependent in selection of the transportation. If the the life of the well is less; then the pipelines are not profitable option for transportation. Pipelines are preferred only when the life of the well is longer. The selection of pipeline is also dependent on the production rate for particular duration. 3.3.2 Maintenances wise Maintenance includes consideration (clearing) the corrosion, scale and slug formation. The pipelines have higher level of possibilities for expenditures to keep the system in proper condition. Shuttle tankers have the less maintenance cost than that of the pipelines. However, the owners do the maintenance as the oil company hires the tankers. 3.3.3 Cost wise Cost wise consideration includes cost 3.3.3.1 Seasonal cost Seasonal is more preferable when the investment is is low. However seasonal are effective in managing the expenditure in a periodic manner. Second case is hiring the shuttle tanker for a period of rental cost. For pipelines, the cost has to be spent in made at a single interval during construction. 3.3.3.2 Overall cost Overall cost includes the total expenditure in the transportation for the entire transportation volume. For the transportation, there will be slight variation depending on the mode of transportation. Probability wise analysis Probability wise analysis is the analysis based on probability of different cases. Probability wise analysis includes considering all the possible outcomes. These outcomes help to select the effective method, which will be more economical. For the Alba field there are 12 possible cases. These cases can be assumed in the following flow chart Figure 1 Flow chart (showing the connectivity) Table based on the individual cost for various options: No of years Well development cost (mm$) Processing cost (mm$) Transportation cost ( mm$) Total cost ( mm$) 9 200 540 360 1100 9 200 540 340 1080 9 200 540 400 1140 9 200 720 360 1280 9 200 720 340 1260 9 200 720 400 1320 6 240 540 360 1140 6 240 540 340 1120 6 240 540 400 1180 6 240 480 360 1080 6 240 480 340 1060 6 240 480 400 1120 Table 1 individual cost The possible combinations are for development, processing, transportation are WELLS (W) PROCESSING (P) TRANSPORTATION (T) W1 P1 T1 W1 P1 T2 W1 P1 T3 W1 P2 T1 W1 P2 T2 W1 P2 T3 W2 P1 T1 W2 P1 T2 W2 P1 T3 W2 P2 T1 W2 P2 T2 W2 P2 T3 Table 2 probability cases Different cases with the cost No Cases duration in years Well development cost in mm$ Processing cost in mm$ Transportation cost in mm$ Total cost in mm$ 1 W1P1T1 9 200 540 360 1100 2 W1P1T2 9 200 540 340 1080 3 W1P1T3 9 200 540 400 1140 4 W1P2T1 9 200 720 360 1280 5 W1P2T2 9 200 720 340 1260 6 W1P2T3 9 200 720 400 1320 7 W2P1T1 6 240 540 360 1140 8 W2P1T2 6 240 540 340 1120 9 W2P1T3 6 240 540 400 1180 10 W2P2T1 6 240 480 360 1080 11 W2P2T2 6 240 480 340 1060 12 W2P2T3 6 240 480 400 1120 Table 3 case wise cost This table gives the cost in each case. The case 8 and 11 are not possible because the production rate is very high with respect to the pipe. In the overall estimation case, 8 and 11 are not considered. 4.1 The overall estimation Cases Production capacity per in MMBBL Total development cost in MM$ Average development cost per BBL Total net revenue before tax(TNRT) in million USD) Average annual net revenue before tax (million USD) W1P1T1 4 1100 30.55 1600 177.70 W1P1T2 4 1080 30.00 1620 180.00 W1P1T3 4 1140 31.66 1560 173.30 W1P2T1 4 1280 36.55 1420 157.78 W1P2T2 4 1260 35.00 1440 160.00 W1P2T3 4 1320 36.66 1380 153.30 W2P1T1 6 1140 31.66 1560 260.00 W2P1T3 6 1180 32.77 1520 253.30 W2P2T1 6 1080 30.00 1620 270.00 W2P2T3 6 1120 31.11 1580 263.30 Table 4 overall costs Only 10 are possible case are valid out of 12 probability cases. Recommendation or the best selection The selection of W2P2T1 large capacity, floating and shuttle tanker is the recommended selection as it the safest and most economical of all the cases. This is more economical from the table. In the W2P2T1 the floating vessel is taken which is more effective than the other two options. As the floating vessel can be towed to other location The selection of tankers are made W2P2T1, so that the less maintenance problem than that of the pipelines. Selection of larger capacity well is economical as the production rate is higher which can compensate the expenditure at beginning at quick interval. Conclusion The W2P2T1 (large capacity, floating and shuttle tanker is the most effective and preferable for the selection as its more economical. This selection (floating vessel)is can be optimised for the extreme weather. The shuttle tankers are efficient as they have less leakage and low maintenance cost for the owned companies the large capacity wells are helpful to manage the expenditure. Reference/Bibliography Jean Masseron.,1990. Petroleum Economics.4Th..Paris,france : OPHRYS William L. et al., 2011. Deepwater Petroleum Exploration Production: A Nontechnical Guide,Tulsa, usa: PennWell Books pennwell corporation Appendix A: Specification and formulas The total volume of crude can be produced is 36 mmbbl. The cost per each barrel to be sold =75 $.Therefore the gross revenue will be 2700 mm$ Well development option Capacity of well Capital investment $ Production rate (mmbbl) for each well 4 small (w1) 50 1 mmbbl 3 large(w2) 80 2 mmbl Processing option Type Cost ($) Fixed platform (P1) 540 Floating production vessel (P2) 80 per annum Transportation Mode Transport rate mmbbl/year Cost ($ ) Shuttle tanker(T1) independent 10 us $ per barrel Smaller pipeline(T2) 5 340 Larger pipeline(T3) 8 400 Formulas Well development cost=number of wells ÃÆ'Æ’-capital investment Processing cost=instalment cost (fixed platform ) =annual cost ÃÆ'Æ’-total no of years (floating) Transportation cost =rental cost per barrel ÃÆ'Æ’-total no of barrels (tankers) =instalment cost (pipelines) Annual Production Capacity (APC)= number of wellsÃÆ'Æ’- production capacity of well ÃÆ'Æ’-no of years of production Total Development Cost (TDC)= total cost of selected options in each case= (development cost +processing cost + transportation cost) Average Development cost per barrel of production= APC /TOTAL recoverable volume i.e.;(36 MMBBL) Total Net revenue before tax (TNRT)= Gross Revenue TDC Average annual Net Revenue before tax= (TNRT)/ 9 yrs or 6 yrs. Appendix B: calculation Case 1: W1P1T1 No of years of production =9 years Total development cost (TDC) = (4ÃÆ'Æ’-50) +540+ (36ÃÆ'Æ’-10) =1100 mm$ Average development cost=1100/36 =30.5 MM$/bbl Net revenue = Gross revenue TDC = (2700 -1100) ÃÆ'Æ’-106 =1600 mm$ Average annual net revenue = 1600 /9 MM$ = 177.7 MM$ Case 2: W1P1T2 No of years of production =9 years Total development cost (TDC) = (4ÃÆ'Æ’-50) +540+340 =1080 MM$ Average development cost=1080/36 =30 MM$/bbl Net revenue =Gross revenue-TDC =(2700 -1080) ÃÆ'Æ’-106 =1620 MM$ Average annual net revenue=1620 /9 mm$ =180 MM$ Case 3: W1P1T3 No of years of production =9 years Total development cost (TDC) = (4ÃÆ'Æ’-50) +540+400 =1140 MM$ Average development cost=1140/36 =31.6 MM$/bbl Net revenue =gross revenue-TDC =(2700 -1140 ) ÃÆ'Æ’-106 =1560 MM$ Average annual net revenue=1560 /9 mm$ =173.3 MM$ Case 4: W1P2T1 No of years of p roduction =9 years Total development cost (TDC) = (4ÃÆ'Æ’-50) + (80ÃÆ'Æ’-9) + (36ÃÆ'Æ’-10) =1280 MM$ Average development cost=1280/36 =35.5 MM$/bbl Net revenue =Gross revenue-TDC = (2700 -1280) ÃÆ'Æ’-106 =1420 MM$ Average annual net revenue=1420 /9 MM$ =15.7 MM$ Case 5: W1P2T2 No of years of production =9 years Total development cost (TDC) = (4ÃÆ'Æ’-50) +720+340 =1260 MM$ Average development cost=1260/36 =35 MM$/bbl Net revenue =gross revenue-TDC = (2700 -1260) ÃÆ'Æ’-106 =1440 MM$ Average annual net revenue=1440 /9 MM$ =160 MM$ CASE 6: W1P2T3 No of years of production =9 years Total development cost (TDC) = (4ÃÆ'Æ’-50) +720+400 =1320 MM$ Average development cost=1320/36 =36.6 MM$/bbl Net revenue =Gross revenue-TDC =2700 -1320 (106) =1380 MM$ Average annual net revenue=1380 /9 mm$ =153.3 mm$ Case 7: W2P1T1 No of years of production =6 years Total developme nt cost (TDC) = (3ÃÆ'Æ’-80) +540+360 =1140 MM$ Average development cost=1140/36 =31.6 MM$/bbl Net revenue =Gross revenue-TDC = (2700 -1140) ÃÆ'Æ’-106 =1560 MM$ Average annual net revenue=1560 /6 MM$ =260 MM$ Case 8 is not a valid selection. Case 9: W2P1T3 No of years of production =6 years Total development cost (TDC) = (3ÃÆ'Æ’-80) +540+400 =1180 MM$ Average development cost=1180/36 =32.7 MM$/bbl Net revenue =gross revenue-TDC = (2700 -1180) ÃÆ'Æ’-106 =1520 mm$ Average annual net revenue=1520 /6 MM$ =253.3 MM$ Case 10: W2P2T1 No of years of production =6 years Total development cost (TDC) = (3ÃÆ'Æ’-80) +(6ÃÆ'Æ’-8)+360 =1080 MM$ Average development cost=1080/36 =30 MM$/bbl Net revenue =gross revenue-TDC = (2700 -1080) ÃÆ'Æ’-106 =1620 mm$ Average annual net revenue=1620 /6mm$ =270 mm$ Case 11 is not a valid case. CASE 12: W1P2T3 No of years of production = 6 years Total development cost (TDC) = (3ÃÆ'Æ’-80) + (6ÃÆ'Æ’-8) +400 =1120 MM$ Average development cost=1120/36 =31.1 MM$/bbl Net revenue =Gross revenue-TDC = (2700 -1120) ÃÆ'Æ’-106 =1580 MM$ Average annual net revenue=1580 /6 MM$ =263.3 MM$

Therapy Promotes Venous Thromboembolism Through The...

Antiangiogeneic therapy promotes venous thromboembolism through the induction of PAI-1 in a mouse xenograft model of human lung carcinoma Ni Chen1*, Meiping Ren1*, Rong Li1, Xin Deng1, Yongjie Li1, Kai Yan1, Lamei Xiao1 , Yan Yang1, Liqun Wang 1, Mao Luo 1, William P. Fay 2, Jianbo Wu1,2 1Drug Discovery Research Center, Luzhou, Sichuan, People s Republic of China; 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA Corresponding author: Jianbo Wu, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri, 5 Hospital Drive, CE344–DC095.00, Columbia, Missouri 65212. Email: wuji@missouri.edu, Phone: 573-884-4040, Fax: (573) 884-7743. * These authors contributed equally to this work. Key Points †¢ Bevacizumab promotes VTE through the induction of PAI-1 in a mouse xenograft model of human lung carcinoma †¢ Treatment with a PAI-1 inhibitor reduces bevacizumab-induced VTE. Abstract Thromboembolism is a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. An increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in cancer. However, the mechanism of VTE initiation remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effect of bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A, on either an inferior vena cava stenosis or saphenous vein model in a xenograft mouse model. We found that treatment with bevacizumab accelerated

A Shaky Start Essays - 2145 Words

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Personal Statement For Study Medicine - 853 Words

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Essay about The Anti-Christ in Camus’ The Stranger (The...

The Anti-Christ in The Outsider â€Å"Meursault is punished, not for his crime of killing another human being but for refusing to play the game.† This statement is of great relevance to the novel The Outsider, by Albert Camus. Society as a whole enforces its ideas and values, upon all individuals, but particularly on those who differ from the â€Å"norm†. Through Meursault’s view of the world, contrasted with that of both the religious and judicial system this notion is foregrounded. Meursault’s outlook on death and dying is very different to that of the majority of people at the time. He was unemotional and indifferent to the death of his mother, something that was unfathomable and by no means acceptable. â€Å"†¦I didn’t know if I could†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"She then wanted to know if I loved her. I replied as I had done once already, that it didn’t mean anything but that I probably didn’t.† Meursault does not take either love, or marriage seriously, because he believes that they do not really matter. Marie’s view, however, is diametrically opposed to that of Meursault, as she, like most of society, believed in the religious and judicial systems. She has faith in love and in all probability some form of God. Basically she conforms to society, she obeys it and â€Å"fits in†. While Meursault is by no means an anarchist, he does what he wants, and feels and expresses these feelings as he wishes. Meursault is not punished for failing to love Marie, but through the issue and discussion of love, the audience is able to grasp how vastly he differs from society, and that is what Meursault is essentially punished for. Meursault’s honesty is another aspect that sets him apart from the rest of society. He is honest about every part of his life. 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Who s Got No Game - 966 Words

Reflecting on the topic of Men In Relationships, Neill Korobov’s article He’s Got No Game (2009) was particularly interesting to me, specifically the concept of the â€Å"lovable loser.† This archetype is en vogue in a vast majority of comedic films for more than a decade. More recent examples are typified by actors like Seth Rogen, Jonah Hill, and Jay Baruchel, to name just a few. In spite of how prolific this emerging masculine character has become, Korobov rightly states that this persona is unlikely to be employed by any males other than younger white guys. Unsurprisingly, the aforementioned movie genre is targeted towards this very demographic. This conjures questions of whether life imitates art, or vice versa. We know from Holt Thompson’s writing that men consume their particular brand of masculinity, and this â€Å"loveable loser anti-hero† is no exception. 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Comparing the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia free essay sample

Analyzing the U. A. E. and Saudi Arabia’s Special Relationship By Christopher Gooding Thesis: Both Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are very similar in a number of ways; culturally, economically, and even in sharing the same traditions; however the way the countries are managed and the way of life in each is fundamentally different in numerous ways. Though Islamic royal families govern both, there are some key differences that also need addressing. Introduction: In order to be intuitive and analyze the relationship between these two neighboring countries, one must first know the basic background of the region and the formations of the countries. The United Arab Emirates is a relatively small Federation that lies on the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Saudi Arabia, Oman, and sharing sea borders with Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and Iran. The U. A. E. is made up of 7 states, or emirates that are each ruled by an individual monarch; Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Quwain,,Ras al-Khaimah and Fujairah. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though the capital and center of commerce is Abu Dhabi, Dubai is the leading emirate in the tourism department and attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists each year (Alkim, 2010). Though the UAE is a heavily Muslim, Arabic speaking country, the society itself is extremely liberal. When one walks through a mall in Dubai for example, it is normal to see ladies dressed in Western attire walking along side those wearing the traditional Hijab. Norms such as this allow for a sense of comfort among the foreigners that travel there and allow them to feel like they are right at home. The U. A. E. is said to have a very democratic feel to it, almost as though it were a Democracy. This is all, however, an illusion. This essay will look at the Saudi Arabian influence on the U. A. E. and their contemporary relationship as fellow Islamic countries. Islam in the Region This section will not attempt to define Islam as a religion; it will however describe its persuasive tendency to get what it wants. Yet how can a religion discern likes and dislikes? The answer is that it can’t; but the face of the religion, Saudi Arabia, can. In Saudi Arabia, Sharia Law is followed to the letter. All women, regardless of nationality or religion must wear the Hijab, and only recently are allowed to drive with the consent of their father or husband. Those who steal are often displayed in a main square and publically have their fingers chopped off, though this brutal tradition is slowly declining in popularity; perceived to be a way of pleasing the West. The government censors the media, cutting scenes from movies in an attempt to essentially protect the youth from attaining westernized ideology’s that hinder the dominance of Islamic culture in the region.

Meursault By Albert Camus Essay Example For Students

Meursault By Albert Camus Essay Testing the Boundaries of Algerian Conventional Society In this essay, I amgoing to explore Albert Camus use of Meursaults murder trial in TheStranger to note the absurdity of the defined social behavior in Algeria whileforcing the reader to evaluate his or her own morality. Camus asks the reader toform a mental and emotional relationship with Meursault through the descriptiveand, in the end, destructively honest narrative. He then asks the reader todepend not on the law, which in this novel represents conventional socialbehavior, but on this newfound relationship to decide Meursault fate. Camusintroduction of Meursault uses straightforward and very honest language. Whilethe reader is aware from the beginning that Meursault deviates from the norm,through factual, and almost play-by-play details, Meursault dares the reader tojudge him, and we do. We criticize him for not showing more emotion towards hismothers death. We expect him to show more affection towards Marie, whom heclaims to love and we want him to exert a more forceful voice in the situationbetween Raymond and his girlfriend. However, we respect his honesty andappreciate his need to almost separate himself from the emotions that seem todrive us all a little crazy. Camus then challenges this respect and appreciationwith a violent act. As the story reaches the climax with the murder, ouropinions of Meursault change because, as Camus makes us aware, society hascondemned him not for murder but for being different. Indeed, the gentlemen ofthe jury will take note of the fact. And they will conclude that a stranger mayoffer a cup of coffee, but that beside the body of the one who brought him intothe world, a son should have refused it. (91) Meursaults guilt, as theprosecutor points out, stems from his odd behavior over the loss of his mother. Unlike American society, although not by much, the Algerian social standardscall for Meursault to weep in sorrow and be distraught during the funeraldespite his relationship with his mother. As part of American society, weattempt to create our own meaning for Meursaults actions. We want hisrelationship with his mother to explain these actions. On the other hand,perhaps, we want to say that he was taught not to show is emotions.American society searches for the psychological reasons for Meursaultsactions. Our focus is not on the murder per say. It is on the reasons behind themurder. What made him snap? However, we must separate ourselves from whatAmerican society has taught us and focus only on what Camus tries to teach usabout Algerian society. Algerian society is about getting to the core ofMeursaults defiance not because it will help to better explain his actions,but because when one defies the rules of society he, or she, must pay. The trialis not a murder trial. It is a trial of morals and emotion. Why else would theprosecutor focus so much on the death of Meursaults mother? Why else wouldthe later part of the book turn into a self-evaluation of Meursault and ofourselves? During the preparation for the trial, the reader becomes increasinglyaware of Meursaults sensitivity. Meursault has to explain his feelings andnot his actions to the court, something that seems impossible for even the mostsocially acceptable. We feel pity for him because his past torments him. Camususes this pity for Meursault. He wants the reader to identify with Meursault andsympathize with his situation. Once Camus sets up the link between the readerand Meursault, he makes the reader resent the judges. Camus provokes the readerto resent the judges of Meursault by having us feel that the judges arequestioning our behavior as well. This resentment towards the judges, andultimately towards society, becomes the basis for our decision to either supportor condemn Meursault. Camus forces the r eader to revaluate his or her morals inorder to avoid condemnation by society. We envy Meursault because he is able tobe honest and true to himself, and although Meursault could have saved himselfhad he repented or showed remorse, he saves himself by not doing that, and thisis what we respect because Meursault has done what we are afraid of doing: hequestions society. Let us look at the actual murder. Meursault, in what seems tobe an act of pure evil, fires an involuntary shot followed by four voluntaryones. The four voluntary and unnecessary shots start Meursaults process ofquestioning society, and the readers process of questioning him or her self. .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 , .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 .postImageUrl , .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 , .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1:hover , .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1:visited , .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1:active { border:0!important; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1:active , .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1 .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1985e6c12d3207b91ed2a92dab85a9d1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parliament and the High Court EssayAs the judges connect Meursaults emotionless past to his crime, the readerexplores exactly how they are like Meursault. Camus wants the reader to feelthat at any moment society can condemn him or her in the same way that Meursaultis condemned. This is not to say, however, that Camus want us to forget aboutthe violent murder. Rather, Camus intentionally disassociates the act of themurder from the actual sentence. This separation reveals the absurdity ofAlgerian, and in many ways American society. Camus needs the reader to believethat the court kills Meursault for his indifference, in order for the reader tofeel unsatisfied with the verdict . Because we see Meursault as an innocentforce, almost child like, we begin to question our own innocence. And yet, weare, because of societys conditioning, unable to separate the murder from theverdict. The reader, like the judges, begins to prosecute Meursault for opposingsociety, and uses the murder to justify this prosecution. Camus then, after thereader feels satisfied with not having defied society, uses Meursaults momentof self-evaluation to make the reader self-evaluate himself. On page 121,Meursault asks, What did other peoples deaths or a mothers love matter tome; what did his God of the lives people choose of the fate they think theyelect matter to me when were all elected the same fate, me and billions ofprivileged people like him who also called themselves my brothers? What wouldit matter if he were accused of murder and then executed because he did not cryat his mothers funeral? Meursaults newfound awareness compels the readerto ask: in what way am I Meursault? Am I gu ilty of being different?How will I act when a parent passes away? In prosecuting Meursault, thereaders prosecute themselves. Camus forces us to make a connection that isentirely different, better yet, independent of societys connection to murderand guilt. Camus has the reader put Meursault on trial to determine his owninnocence. The Stranger, and ultimately the murder trial, is a process ofself-awareness based not on what society has taught us, but on what Camusteaches us through Meursaults situation. Through this self-awareness, Camusis able to provide a valid argument against the absurdity of what society callsappropriate behavior. We see that there is no such thing as appropriatebehavior because in the end, society condemns us all. The reader becomesMeursaults source of strength, Camus source of truth, and societys judges.

Competitive Positional and Problem Solving Interest Based Negotiation

Question: Discuss about the Competitive Positional-Based Negotiation And Problem Solving Interest Based Negotiation. Answer: Introduction In systems that contain a variety of agents, there is a need for them to interact freely and openly so that they can be able to fulfill their dreams, objectives and improve their performance (Caverley, Cunningham and Mitchell. 2006. p 64). This general manager has taken a very important step as there exists a need in coming up with a mechanism that facilitate exchange of information, coordination, collaboration and conflict solving mechanisms among the members in the company. Sometimes workers experience shortages, uncertainties and false information thus they are unable to make viable decisions about the company or addressing a problem whenever a need arise. Negotiation process is very important since it aids in acquiring and modifying preferences in human negotiations. Through the performance of different viable approaches of interactions that involves discussing of the desires and interests of the participants, there are high chances of individuals increasing and improving the quality of their negotiations. (Irmer and Druckman 2009. P 224-225). Similarly, our main motive is trying to realize benefits through the process of providing the agents and workers the capability to carry out discussions on interests during negotiations. We shall research how both the competitive and problem solving negotiations approaches calls for open illustration of the relationship connecting both goal and values of the workers. We seek to determine at the end how this models captures the different forms of relationships connecting main objectives, sub-goals, excellent goals and values and conclude which fits for this company. We shall also research on a variety of arguments that can be used to justify the strength and weakness of these approaches and demonstrate the manner in which these arguments might affect the companys new implemented objectives and ultimately its preference on potential discussions. Comparison in differences and advantages of competitive positional based compared to problem solving interest-based negotiation shall be determined. Finally, we seek to discuss some of the different reasons that will act as a motivation in adoption of any of the approach by the company. Objectives To evaluate competitive and interest based negotiation approaches. To evaluate the features of each approach To determine the best approach of negotiation that will suit Barbaras company. Methodology It is very important to know how to conduct a research and identify credible methods that will enable the researcher to come up with desired data or information. It will be of great importance that we work with a variety of information so that we can have the best hypothesis for our paper. Null hypothesis is very crucial as it helps in disapproving something hence in our case we shall end up disapproving one approach. Most of the sources that I used to gather a lot of my data are other peoples work. Information analysis There exist two important forms negotiations which are basically competitive position based and interest-based. Substance is very important when it comes to position based negotiation and the main actual item being negotiated about remains the point of focus for both parties (Davis and Smith 2003. p 57). Negotiations in position based approach view the other party as an opponent who need to be defeated. Every party has tendency of self-serving with the main aim of seeking glory over the other and prefer their own pre-determined solutions that they consider to be better off and in case of giving up, they accept it but with a lot of grudges (Wagner 2008. p 67). The main problem associated to position based negotiations is that it always breeds to resentment. The outcome of one party winning make the other one experience a loss , thus tend to step aside with a mood of resentment and thus possibility of attempting return with an aim of compensating themselves on what they have lost in one way or another (Corken, and McGreevy 2016. p 206). If in any case you are going to work with the other proponent for a prolonged duration and on a project that is too long to mention, there is a possibility that a win-lose result in dialogues will have an impact that may deposit the beginning for bitterness and permanent conflict (Noce, Bush and Folger 2002. p 30). Similarly, on competitive negotiation, substance is also considered to be very important in interest based negotiation. This method of discussion puts into consideration the essence of association particularly if the two parties work in a mutually supportive way in achieving a common goal or objective. The main motive and agenda in interest based is reaching a mutually acceptable result that will benefit the two parties. Their interest must be achieved and in case of emergence of a challenge, it is the responsibility of the participants to address it without accusing any individual (Corken and McGreevy 2016 p 7). If both parties achieve, people yield to objective criteria which the two sides can reach to an agreement on practicing fairness and legitimacy. the outcome is achieved when credibility is attained between the two sides in interest based negotiation as they continue to come up with a relationship of trust (Covey and Brown 2001. p 3). The traditional measures of success in positional based bargaining focus on outcomes that are self-serving in achieving majority of the compromises, breaking the other partys bottom line and finally receiving the final benefit. In position based negotiations, the negotiators try to enhance their reputation by their capacity to outwit their enemies (Covey and Brown 2001. p 7). The fact that parties always tend to focus strictly on the number of concessions that makes them end up in losing those that are important to their constituent is the major challenge and problem mostly experienced in getting the most concession in a negotiation(Elgstrm andJnsson 2000. p 695). One party might end up getting more than the other but this is not always better and breaking the bottom line is not an always wise strategy. Both power and influence are important ingredients in interest based negotiation. Control of time, personal power and the control of information are the three basic factors that tend to heavily influence the course of negotiation (Nolan-Haley and Hinds 2003. p 364). The basic principle of interest based negotiations is emerging with a better understanding of both your interest and that of your party and later develop options that are creative that will be able to address those issues. This approach is viable since it raises the chances of establishment of a viable relationship between the two parties and reaching results that can be termed as mutually beneficial. In order of introducing standards that can be agreed upon by the two parties, persuasive principles or criteria of fairness and legitimacy are put into application. (Feldman et al. 2006. p 91-92). It is very important to know that not every negotiation is successful but having livable choices in the events the dialogue becomes unsuccessful, one may get the chance of enhancing their assurance and competency in attempt to control the other party (Hopmann 1995. p 34). In interest based negotiations, power is basically used not against the people but rather to create a condusive working environment influence with colleagues. The main objective of this approach is to bring people to realization of who they are than making them feel inferior. The initial stage in Interest based negotiation model is preparation which later introduce a process of reaching solution that are mutually beneficial (Hopmann 1995. p 37). Conflict can emerge at any time of the negotiation process or preparation process within the team and hence settling personal differences before starting any negotiation is very important. (Hopmann 1995. p 44). In competitive negotiations, it is assumed to be a game of zero summation since the amount to be gained by both parties is fixed and are based on win-lose situation. (Kelman 2006. p 16). It can therefore be argued to be a circumstance where a piece of an orange is being fought for where if one child gets the other one does not. There is existence of dont care attitude in competitive negotiation where each party thinks about its own issues without minding about the other. (Lynch 2001. p 208). There exist risks that are associated with rigidly applying each of the negotiation approach (Menkel-Meadow 2001. p 96). For instance, competitive is biased when it comes to confrontation thus calling for the use of force and pressurization. Therefore it tend to be unfriendly on relationship leading to mistrust, rejection, feeling frustrated and furious leading to collapse of negotiations and destruction of communication thus yielding not only misjudgments but also misinformation (Miller et al. 2010. p 179). Findings In the process of gathering the data from different articles, it was found that there exists some elements characterizing each type of negotiation. The aim was to bring to light the important outcome on the results thus we can be able to effectively plan for their use. From these data it was realized that only a small percentage of negotiators in a society make use of chances style planning and analysis represents effectively. This stands to be an important selective area for both internal planning strategy development and external negotiation (Nickerson and Zenger 2004. p 619). Conclusion Ultimately, negotiation is a process that can be approached in a number of ways regardless of the strategy chosen and success depends on how well an institution is prepared. The most important thing in negotiation is coming up with a benefiting result and this is dependent on the ability of the negotiator to consider the entire element pertaining an issue and carefully weigh the validity of the options available. It is compulsory for the negotiators to be able to coordinate the event in order and at the same time try to be as fair and honest as the situation allows. Since the party in the negotiation table have the aim of reaching a common ground, the negotiators can benefit by trying to capitalize on this common ground. The workers in this company should change their attitude on their negotiating skills by viewing the other side as a partner rather than viewing them as opponent and work together. They should be aware that they hold the power and skills in modeling answers that will make both parties to feel contented. Recommendation From this analysis of the two approaches of negotiations, it can be recommended that Barbara apply interest based approach since it has fewer risk associated to it. The outcomes that it yields tend to be more satisfying to each party as opposed to those of competitive negotiations. The viewpoints of position based are not only opposing but also they are fixed and the ultimate outcomes are either compromise or no agreement. There is a likelihood of the failure of meeting the needs of the disputants which leads to division of the differences of the two positions due to these compromises. This at the end makes each party only achieve a half of what they really required. On the other hand interest based enhances balance and equality by issuing each party with what they needed. Solutions offered in interest based approach are entirely more rewarding for all parties in the negotiations as their desires and issues are addressed and met with equity. The entire process calls for collaboration thus there is support and assistance by both parties and this make sure that there are no malicious intentions by the time conclusion has been reached in the negotiation. Between the two parties, this approach enhances positive and constructive relationships. References Caverley, N., Cunningham, B. and Mitchell, L., 2006. Reflections on public sector-based integrative collective bargaining: Conditions affecting cooperation within the negotiation process. Employee Relations, 28(1), pp.62-75. Corken, R. and McGreevy, P., 2016. Good negotiation and land-use planning: the status of negotiation in the NSW planning profession. Australian Planner, 53(3), pp.201-210. Corken, R. and McGreevy, P.D., 2016. Organizations, people and policies: barriers to good negotiation in the NSW planning system. Australian Planner, pp.1-8. Covey, J. and Brown, L.D., 2001. Critical cooperation: An alternative form of civil society-business engagement (Vol. 17). Boston, MA: Institute for Development Research. Davis, R. and Smith, R., 2003. Negotiation as a metaphor for distributed problem solving. Communication in Multiagent Systems, pp.51-97. Elgstrm, O. and Jnsson, C., 2000. Negotiation in the European Union: bargaining or problem-solving? Journal of European Public Policy, 7(5), pp.684-704. Feldman, M.S., Khademian, A.M., Ingram, H. and Schneider, A.S., 2006. Ways of knowing and inclusivemanagement practices. Public Administration Review, 66(s1), pp.89-99. Hopmann, P.T., 1995. Two paradigms of negotiation: Bargaining and problem solving. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 542(1), pp.24-47. Irmer, C. and Druckman, D., 2009. Explaining negotiation outcomes: Process or context? Negotiation and ConflictManagement Research, 2(3), pp.209-235. Kelman, H.C., 2006. Interests, relationships, identities: Three central issues for individuals and groups in negotiating their social environment. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 57, pp.1-26. Lynch, J.F., 2001. Beyond ADR: A systems approach to conflict management. Negotiation Journal, 17(3), pp.206-216. Menkel-Meadow, C., 2001. Aha--Is Creativity Possible in Problem Solving and Teachable in Legal Education. Harv. Negot. L. Rev., 6, p.97. Miller, J.K., Farmer, K.P., Miller, D.J. and Peters, L.M., 2010. Panacea or snake oil? Interest?based bargaining in the US airline and rail industries. Negotiation Journal, 26(2), pp.177-201. Nickerson, J.A. and Zenger, T.R., 2004. A knowledge-based theory of the firmThe problem-solving perspective. Organization science, 15(6), pp.617-632. Noce, D.J.D., Bush, R.A.B. and Folger, J.P., 2002. Clarifying the theoretical underpinnings of mediation: Implications for practice and policy. Pepp. Disp. Resol. LJ, 3, p.39. Nolan-Haley, J. and Hinds, B., 2003. Problem-Solving Negotiation: Northern Ireland's Experience with the Women's Coalition. J. Disp. Resol., p.387. Wagner, L.M., 2008. Problem-solving and bargaining in international negotiations (Vol. 5, pp. 1-169). MartinusNijhof Publishers.